Ken Adams

Using Only Digits to Express All Numbers

I’ve written several posts, most recently here, about why it’s a bad idea to use both words and digits to express a number. This post is about something else relating to numbers: the notion that you should use only digits to express all numbers. I’ve long recommend that you use words for numbers one through ten and digits for 11 … Read More

“May Request”

I recently saw this tweet by @CherylStephens: Contract says "Company has the right to request" when it means "can require." Right? Otherwise, just says they can ask? — CherylStephens.com (@CherylStephens) September 12, 2015 Ah, I said to myself, may request! Categories-of-contract-language issue 24,773! So I popped some penicillin and waded into EDGAR. Here’s a taxonomy of may request. Restrictive Relative Clause … Read More

“Is Pleased To”

For some kinds of contracts—mostly where there’s a disparity of bargaining power—some companies prefer using the first person (we, us, our) to refer to themselves and the second person (you, your) to refer to the other guy. Going that route has implications. For one thing, it wouldn’t make sense to use shall in such contracts. I wrote about that way … Read More

Upcoming Seminars Outside the US

The fall seminar season starts soon, so I’m taking the liberty of reminding you of the following public “Drafting Clearer Contracts” seminars outside of the US: Dubai, 18–19 October (moved from Qatar) Toronto, 21 October Toronto, 22 October (“Advanced ‘Drafting Clearer Contracts’: An Intensive Program in the Categories of Contract Language”) London, 2 November (and go here for feedback from participants … Read More

An Update on “Including But Not Limited To”

In this recent post I wrote about a Bryan Garner tweet on the subject of including but not limited to. Shortly after, Garner posted “LawProse Lesson #226” on the same subject. Since his post offers more detail than did his tweet, I thought I should check it out, but I found that it reflects his unhelpful approach to contract language. Let me … Read More

“In Furtherance of the Foregoing”

Remember without limiting the generality of the foregoing? (See MSCD 13.763–70 and this 2006 post.)  Well, allow me to introduce you to its equally evil twin, in furtherance of the foregoing. They serve the same function, to the extent they can be said to perform any function. In fact, they’re sometimes conjoined: in furtherance of the foregoing and not in … Read More

“Hereby Enter Into”

Note use of hereby enter into in the following Pleistocene-era lead-in: NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby enter into this Agreement to set forth their mutual promises and understandings, and mutually acknowledge the receipt and sufficiency of valuable consideration in addition to the mutual promises, conditions and understandings set forth below. And note the same in the following concluding clause: IN … Read More

“Within 30 Days Prior To”

Keith Bishop—he of the California Corporate & Securities Law blog—was kind enough to tell me about this post, dealing with a dispute over the meaning of the phrase “within 30 days prior to” in the context of the time period for exercising an option. The court opinion in question is Wilson v. Gentile, 8 Cal. App. 4th 759 (1992) (here). Here’s how the … Read More

Inside the Mind of the Law-School Traditionalist

I have a mixed relationship with the law-school world. On the one hand, an increasing number of instructors use MSCD as a course text. On the other hand, people from law schools are among the most ardent defenders of traditional contract language that I have encountered. So I was interested to see this post on ContractsProf Blog by Nancy Kim, … Read More