Month: April 2016

A New Case on Expressing Conditions and the Role of “Shall”

From reader Ben King, general counsel of Jive Communications, I learned about a 2016 opinion of the Supreme Court of Utah, Mind & Motion Utah Investments, LLC v. Celtic Bank Corp., 2016 UT 6, 367 P.3d 994 (PDF here). The moral of this particular story is that if you want a contract provision to be interpreted as a condition, you had better make sure it’s worded … Read More

“Workmanlike”: A Case Study in Mishandling Vagueness

The word workmanlike features in a lot of contracts on EDGAR, particularly loan agreements and landlord-tenant contracts. Here are three random examples: Borrower shall only use contractors … who generally have a good reputation for completing their work in a neat, prompt and workmanlike manner … All Tenant Improvements shall be done at Tenant’s full cost, expense and risk, shall comply … Read More

A Further Note on “During the Term of This Agreement”

In MSCD, as well as in this 2007 post, I say that the phrase during the term of this agreement is usually redundant. I use the following example: During the term of this agreement, the [The] Company shall pay Jones an automobile expense allowance of $1,000 per month, grossed up for income tax purposes, and reimburse Jones for all gasoline … Read More

“Agrees To and Does Hereby”

Do you remember be and hereby is? In this 2007 post I dubbed it “the lamest drafting usage.” Well, we now have another contender. I can’t believe I haven’t written about it previously. It’s—drum roll, please—agrees to and does hereby. The lameness is something to behold. What makes it particularly lame? Primarily it’s the doubling up of verb structures to express … Read More

“Will” Versus “Shall” Is Only Part of the Story

Yes, it’s time to return to the shall wars. Thanks to the article by Lori Johnson that I discuss in this post, I’d now like to consider a court opinion that I overlooked when it first appeared. I’m referring to Lubbock County Water Control & Improvement Dist. v. Church & Akin, L.L.C., 442 S.W.3d 297 (Tex. 2014) (PDF here). The Court Opinion … Read More

Do You Risk Ethics Violations If You Follow My Guidelines? I Respond to a Traditionalist

As their principal objection to tinkering with mainstream contract language, traditionalists offer the notion of “tested” contract language—mess with the standard formulations and you invite a world of risk into your lives. My objection to that objection has been that it’s mostly offered without any backup. Usually it’s a platitude that’s invoked as a matter of expediency, to rationalize maintaining the status … Read More

Revisiting Avvo Legal Forms, Part 2: “Minimum Viable Product” and Contract Forms

Early in the modest tweetstorm caused by last Friday’s post, I saw this tweet by @JEGrant3: Here's the power of an #MVP: @avvo just got @KonciseD to consult on improving their product. For free. #leanstartup https://t.co/FNf4BrOzvA — John E. Grant (@JEGrant3) April 8, 2016 I was mystified. “MVP”? WTF? But @anseljh came to the rescue, explaining that “MVP” stands for … Read More

Avvo Legal Forms: A Real Stinker

I learned from this post by Bob Ambrogi that Avvo, an online legal-services marketplace, has announced that it “has added a selection of no-cost, high-quality legal forms for family, business, estate planning and real estate to its website.” Avvo apparently expects to have more than 200 forms available by the end of 2016. With no enthusiasm, I duly completed the questionnaire for one … Read More