Category Archives: Uncategorized

Another Reaction to the Third Edition of MSCD

In this post on China Law Blog, Dan Harris expresses his opinion about the third edition of MSCD. An enthusiastic thumbs-up from someone like Dan? …

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Hey, Canada! What’s Up with “Attorn”?

Yeah, yeah, attorn has an established legal meaning, although I’ve never had occasion to use it. From Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage, here’s the definition …

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“Obligation” and “Duty”

I thought it time to hoist out of the comments a discussion of obligation versus duty. Here’s what reader AWB said in this comment: By …

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A New In-House Lawyer Dealing with Contracts Seeks Advice

I received the following email from a new U.S.-trained lawyer working outside the U.S. Hi there, I’m a new lawyer starting my first real legal job …

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Some Thoughts on Scalia and Garner’s Book “Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts”

Over the past couple of days I’ve been dipping into the new book co-authored by Antonin Scalia and Bryan Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of …

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More on “Shall” by Bryan Garner

Bryan Garner has an article on shall in the current issue of the ABA Journal (go here for the online version). It doesn’t say anything new, …

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Revisiting “Indemnify”

[Adjusted 4:30 p.m. EDT, July 28, 2012, to implement the recommendations made by A. Wright Burke in his comment; revised 7:00 a.m. EDT, July 31, …

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“Reasonable Wear and Tear”?

Consider the phrase reasonable wear and tear, as in “The Grantor shall maintain the Equipment in good working order, reasonable wear and tear excepted.” I …

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“Seller,” “Vendor,” and “Supplier”

What’s the difference between seller and vendor used as defined terms for party names? Here’s what Bryan Garner has to say in Garner’s Dictionary of …

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Purchase Order or Contract?

I’d be grateful for your thoughts on the following question: What determines whether an organization uses a purchase order (with additional terms on the back …

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Revisiting “Sole” and “Exclusive”

I wrote about the phrase sole and exclusive in this 2010 post on AdamsDrafting. Last April Mark Anderson wrote about it in this post on …

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My New Article: “The Illusion of Quality in Contract Drafting”

Today’s New York Law Journal contains my article The Illusion of Quality in Contract Drafting. My co-author is Tim Allen, chief executive officer of Business …

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“Forever” in Release Language

Release language usually consists of a slurry of redundancy. In this 2009 post on AdamsDrafting I considered a standard component of release language, irrevocably release. Here’s …

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“Likely” and “Probable”

The words likely and probable both express the degree of probability of something occurring. They’re not vague words. Vagueness is a function of borderline cases—at what …

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“Strive”—Another Picturesque Alternative to “Efforts”

In this 2010 post on AdamsDrafting I considered use of aggressively as an unhelpful alternative to reasonable efforts. Well, in the same vein I now …

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Why Bother with Anything Other Than “This Agreement”?

Today I saw a contract that referred to itself throughout as “this CRADA.” Besides the fact that “CRADA” (standing for “cooperative research and development agreement”) has …

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Revisiting “Singular or Plural” Uncertainty

Deciding what label to apply to a particular source of uncertainty in contract language can be challenging. A case in point: In this 2010 post …

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Consecutive Page Numbers for Attachments?

Here’s a thrilling question for you: If you attach to a contract a number of documents, each with its own page numbering, do you also …

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Toronto “Structure of M&A Contracts” Seminar

As I noted in this 2008 post on AdamsDrafting, everything I do, I do first in Canada. That pattern continues to hold, in that on …

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So a Corporate Seal Can Be Relevant!

I’ve previously written, most recently here, about how contracts under seal can unfortunately have implications regarding consideration and statutes of limitations. But I exhumed from …

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Ellen Lupton Wades In on Document Design for Contracts

In this December 2011 post I questioned the utility, for purposes of contracts, of what I called document-design “bling.” And in this February 2012 post …

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“And … Or” Ambiguity in California Corporations Code § 313

Consider California Corporations Code § 313 (emphasis added): Subject to the provisions of subdivision (a) of Section 208, any note, mortgage, evidence of indebtedness, contract, share certificate, …

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Interpretation Mischief at the Fifth Circuit?

A recent opinion by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals serves as yet another reminder that the job description of anyone drafting a contract includes …

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Want to Write for Traditional Media? It Helps to Be a Bystander

In an explanatory note I added to my recent post about LegalZoom (here), I said that business publications had declined to run the piece, and …

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Yet More on Granting Language

I’ve written about granting language several times, most recently in this November 2011 post. I now have another issue for you. Consider the following stripped-down …

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LegalZoom’s Business Contracts: Commoditizing Mediocrity

In May, LegalZoom, the provider of online legal services, declared that it intends to raise $120 million in an initial public offering. LegalZoom allows consumers …

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The Limits of Language of Belief

In this post last month I proposed yet another category of contract language—language of belief. Here’s a cleaned-up version of my example of language of …

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The Limits of Language of Intention

In this November 2011 blog post I discussed how I had belatedly discovered a new category of contract language—language of intention. For the heck of …

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Delaware Supreme Court Enforces No-Reliance Language in Confidentiality Agreement—And Koncision's Got You Covered

In RAA Management, LLC v. Savage Sports Holdings, Inc. (decided May 18, 2012; copy here), the Delaware Supreme Court held that no-reliance language included in a …

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“No One Shall Swim Alone”

Earlier this week I received the following message and photo from Karen Belair, of Union Pacific Railroad’s law department: I just wanted follow up and …

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My Exchange with Glenn West on Using “States” Instead of “Represents and Warrants”

I thought that after my recent post on using states instead of represents and warrants (here) I’d feel at peace. But it was not to …

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“Any” Plus a Singular Noun

In this recent post I discussed my overuse of any. I’d now like to suggest one possible reason for overuse of any. Consider the following: …

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A New California “Best Efforts” Case? Ho-Hum.

Someone steered me to this post on the California Corporate & Securities Law blog. It’s about a recent California case on the meaning of best …

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What a Backflow Preventer Has to Do with Contract Drafting

In case you’re still mulling over my post on using states instead of represents and warrants (here), allow me to try to put in a broader …

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Stating that Contract Text Is Conspicuous

Parts of the Uniform Commercial Code require that text be “conspicuous.” For example, section 2-316(2) states that a disclaimer of the implied warranty of merchantability …

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Using “States” Instead of “Represents and Warrants”

[Revised 11:00 p.m. EDT, May 23, 2012, to add that you should say "states the following facts." Further revised 8:30 a.m. EDT, May 24, 2012, …

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Reminder: U.S. Judges Don’t Attribute Magic-Word Significance to “Represents” and “Warrants”

An eagle-eyed reader who is aware of my long-standing interest in the phrase represents and warrants told me about a 2008 opinion of the Arizona …

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Parsing the Discussion of Drafting Resources in “A Business Lawyer’s Bibliography”

Steven Sholk, that bloodhound, let me know about an article in the current issue of the Journal of Legal Education. It’s by Robert C. Illig, …

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Should Koncision Maintain a List of Koncision-Friendly Lawyers?

Koncision’s confidentiality-agreement template is intended for sophisticated users. No surprise there—contracts can get complicated. So any nonlawyer who wants to use Koncision might well benefit …

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Seeking Not-for-Profit to Take Part in Penn Law 2012 Contract-Drafting Project

I’ve re-upped at Penn Law: this fall, a scant twenty JD and LLM students will be taking my course in contract drafting. Once again, I …

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Revisiting Alternatives to Imposing Obligations on Nonparties

[Updated 5:30 p.m. EDT, May 15, 2012, to revise what is now the next-to-last bullet point and add a new final bullet point, as well …

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Language of Belief?

[Revised 8:00 a.m. EDT, May 13, 2012, prompted by Mark Anderson's comment and a good night's sleep.] Consider the following, culled from the SEC’s EDGAR …

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“Full Time”—It’s Not Clear Enough

In its recent opinion in In re C.P.Y. (copy here), the Texas Court of Appeals had occasion to consider the phrase “full-time basis,” and it …

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Phantom Ambiguity in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania?

On December 1, 2007, AVAX Technologies and one Francois Martelet entered into an employment agreement providing for Martelet to serve as AVAX’s CEO. It all ended …

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Attachments Terminology: Seeking Input from Outside the U.S.

MSCD notes how in the U.S., traditionally exhibit is used to refer to a stand-alone document that’s attached to a contract, whereas schedule is used …

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“Commits To”: Another Half-Baked Way of Stating Obligations

Behold commit to used to express obligations: each of the Guarantors hereby … commits to make a contribution to such Guarantor’s capital in an amount at …

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Even More on “Termination”

In this recent post, I discussed a case in which the word “termination” was held not to apply to “expiration” of a contract. Thanks to …

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Once More, With Feeling: Relaunching My Ebook “The Structure of M&A Contracts”

A little over a year ago I announced publication of my book The Structure of M&A Contracts. Since then, limbo: First, the book was available …

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A Nifty Feature of ContractExpress

So far, ContractExpress—the software that powers Koncision’s confidentiality-agreement template—has been able to handle everything I’ve thrown at it. Last week I learned of yet another …

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Contract-Drafting Metrics?

I’m fond of saying that the first step in overhauling your contract process is analyzing the costs and risks of your current process. But what …

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