Selected Usages

What a Backflow Preventer Has to Do with Contract Drafting

In case you’re still mulling over my post on using states instead of represents and warrants (here), allow me to try to put in a broader context what makes represents and warrants irrelevant for purposes of statements of fact in a contract. After putting it off for, oh, ten years, we finally had a lawn sprinkler system installed. An important component … Read More

“Full Time”—It’s Not Clear Enough

In its recent opinion in In re C.P.Y. (copy here), the Texas Court of Appeals had occasion to consider the phrase “full-time basis,” and it concluded that it’s ambiguous. Youst (the husband) was required to pay Wells (the wife) alimony until, among other events, she returned to work “on a full-time basis.” Wells got work as a contract attorney, so … Read More

Even More on “Termination”

In this recent post, I discussed a case in which the word “termination” was held not to apply to “expiration” of a contract. Thanks to reader, I learned about a case, Olympus Ins. Co. v. Aon Benfield, Inc., No. 11-CV-2607 (D. Minn. March 30, 2012), in which the court came to essentially the opposite conclusion, due to nuances of contract language. … Read More

“Sole and Exclusive”

[Updated July 14, 2015: This topic is revisited in this 2012 post and this 2015 post.] The recent Lawyers Weekly article that I linked to in a previous post contains the following: The phrase “sole and exclusive license,” for example, is common yet contradictory. “Sole,” on the one hand, means only one person has the legal right to use the product. … Read More

What Does “Prevailing Party” Mean?

[Update: I offer my analysis of this issue in this 2011 post.] Chadwick Busk of The Fine Print blog told me about this item on Lexology (free registration required) by Patrick T. Sharkey of Jackson Walker LLP. I hope Patrick doesn’t mind if I quote extensively from it: A recent Texas Supreme Court decision highlights the importance of thoughtful drafting. … Read More

The Apostrophe in “Five Days’ Notice”

A couple of days ago I received from a reader an email that included the following: I’ve got a question about the use of apostrophes in notice period provisions. I was rather surprised to see that section 8.96 of the MSCD includes apostrophes after the number of days/weeks/months in your example provisions. Shouldn’t such provisions simply refer to “days”, “weeks” … Read More

“From the Beginning of Time” and “At Law or in Equity”

Recently someone asked me about settlement and release agreements, and that put me in mind of a picturesque drafting usage that’s a fixture of release language—from the beginning of time, as in “Jones hereby releases Acme from any claims … arising from the beginning of time to the date of this agreement.” I searched for this phrase in the material … Read More

“Time is of the Essence”

I’m fond of invoking two overarching rules of drafting—“be consistent” and “use standard English.” I periodically mull adding a third. Possible candidates come and go, but a current favorite is “say what you mean.” In other words, don’t use stock phrases in the hope that a court will construe them in the way you intended. Instead, address issues head-on. A … Read More