The phrase is defined herein is never a good sign. First, in the extract below, is defined herein to mean is a bloated version of means. Use means instead. Second, which is defined herein to mean, with or without parentheses, allows you to put a definition in a nonrestrictive clause. If the defined term you’re creating is worthwhile, it would … Read More
Check out the following, which is the text of an entire section: See the highlighted sentence at the end? It reminded me of that there’s another way of creating defined terms using autonomous definitions. At least for now, I’m calling this technique a “reverse autonomous definition.” Allow me to demonstrate how it plays out. Here’s an autonomous definition: “Affiliate” means … Read More
In a LinkedIn post, I challenged readers to find for me a contract that used shall be or will be in creating an autonomous definition. I wasn’t surprised that I was the only entrant in that thrilling competition. I submitted the following example: Using shall be in this context is as unhelpful as using is. That’s something I discuss in … Read More
This post nerds out on defined-term protocols. Specifically, should one use, or not use, the (or a or an) in defined-term parentheticals for defined terms that otherwise use the (or a or an)? MSCD says “include in a defined-term parenthetical the definite article the or the indefinite article a (or an), as appropriate. An article isn’t necessary unless the defined … Read More
[Updated 23 February 2024] Some people feel strongly that one shouldn’t use the article the with party-name defined terms that consist of a common noun. In other words, say Company, not the Company. Here’s what I say about that in A Manual of Style for Contract Drafting: If the defined term for a party name is a common noun, use … Read More
This week I was noodling with some contract language, and I wrote the Company or any of its Members. That was a mistake—Member was defined to mean a member of the Company, not a member of any limited liability company. I should have said the Company or any Member. I was attuned to this because the day before I had … Read More
Recently I saw this tweet by @strowhiro: Hey, #lawtwitter. Contracts with a defined terms section AND other terms defined throughout: fine or sloppy? — Michelle Strowhiro (@strowhiro) October 19, 2022 It’s a great question, but I thought that the odds of getting clear answer on Twitter were slim, even with 164 people taking a shot at it. To my knowledge, … Read More
Last week I tweeted this image: In the tweet, I said this: There’s a disconnect in meaning between the definition (green) and the defined term (red). The way to fix it is by “clarifying the scope” of the definition: adding a phrase-plus-comma at the beginning of the defined-term parenthetical. Any suggestions? In a reply, I offered this fix, while acknowledging … Read More
Defined terms add value—they allow you to state a concept more concisely and consistently than you might otherwise. But they come at a cost: Using an autonomous definition breaks up reading—you force the reader to read both the autonomous definition and the related provision. Integrated definitions add a bit of clutter in the form of the defined-term parenthetical. All the … Read More
This is what my definition sections look like: But you could instead opt to present the definition section using a table format: Using a table format is, as far as I can tell, particularly popular in England and other Commonwealth jurisdictions. The two primary characteristics of using a table format are (1) a break between the defined term and the … Read More
