I noticed this post on Keith Bishop’s California Corporate and Securities Law blog, on the meaning of the verb “permits” in a proposed change to the securities regulations. Here’s the relevant bit of Keith’s post:
The verb “permit” means to give assent to some action or event. This implies an affirmative action on the part of the registrant. Applying this definition, a registrant that has no policy on hedging would conclude that it does not permit hedging because it has never affirmatively assented to it. However, the verb “permit” also means to allow something to happen. Applying this passive definition, a registrant that has no policy on hedging would treat the absence of consent as permission.
Just as confusion in a patent claim can be relevant to contracts (here), so can confusion in regulations. A contract between Acme and WidgetCo contains the following: “Acme shall not permit the Equipment to be removed from the Premises.” Acme doesn’t adopt a policy regarding removal of equipment from the premises. An employee takes some equipment home, and it gets stolen. Had Acme permitted the employee to take the equipment home? I can imagine Acme and WidgetCo getting into a fight over that.
As usual, the solution is thoughtful drafting. You could say “Acme shall prohibit …,” but I suspect that WidgetCo would prefer a more comprehensive approach, namely instead or in addition putting on Acme all liability that results from equipment leaving the premises.
[Updated December 14, 2015: A problem with “Acme shall prohibit” is that arguably Acme would comply simply by adopting a policy, even if it does nothing to enforce it. So perhaps “Acme shall prevent” would be better.]
[Updated June 19, 2015: Well, yes, I have written about this subject before, in this February 2014 post.]
I seem to recall we have discussed this before. Permit, allow, consent, and even suffer (suffer little children to come unto me), can be viewed as having similar meanings. Saying you will not permit begs the question of whether you have any control over the event or choose to exercise it if you do. I agree you need careful drafting.
That’s the polite Englishman’s way of saying, “Stop rehashing the same old stuff!” I’m now at the stage that I can’t always recall off the top of my head what topics I’ve already written about. A few months ago I wrote a post that replicated one I had written a few years ago, down to having the identical title, as I realized when it came time to publish it.
Regarding permit, we sniffed around it in this recent post. But what the heck, if I need a reminder, perhaps others do.
Excuse me while I check into the nearest senior-care facility …
Even if Acme doesn’t have control over its employees, etc. there’s the notion of vicarious liability and I’d think that a judge would find against Acme in such a case, regardless how vague the wording may be.
Ken:
What’s wrong with this? “Acme shall not remove the Equipment from the Premises. Acme shall prevent anyone else from removing the Equipment from the Premises.”
Chris
I think that works, as it addresses the outcome rather than the posture adopted by Acme.